An adverbial clause

[Mr OJO Olayele]

An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that performs the function of an adverb. It modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb by telling us when, where, why, how, under what condition, or to what extent something happens.

Structure
An adverbial clause usually contains:
a subject
a verb
a subordinating conjunction
Common subordinating conjunctions include because, although, if, when, since, while, after, before, unless, until, and so that.

Types of Adverbial Clauses
1. Adverbial Clause of Time – tells us when something happens
When the rain stopped, we went outside.
We waited until the teacher arrived.

2. Adverbial Clause of Reason – tells us why something happens
She stayed home because she was sick.
Since it was late, we went home.

3. Adverbial Clause of Condition – tells us the condition under which something happens
If you study hard, you will pass.
We will go out unless it rains.

4. Adverbial Clause of Contrast – shows an opposing idea
Although he was tired, he finished the work.
She continued working even though she was sick.

5. Adverbial Clause of Purpose – tells us why something is done
She studies hard so that she can succeed.

6. Adverbial Clause of Place – tells us where something happens
Sit wherever you like.

7. Adverbial Clause of Manner – tells us how something happens
He behaved as if he knew everything.

Important Point
An adverbial clause cannot stand alone as a complete sentence because it is a dependent clause.
For example:
Because she was sick.
This is incomplete.
She stayed home because she was sick.

When an adverbial clause comes before the main clause, we normally use a comma:
Because it was raining, we stayed indoors.
When it comes after the main clause, a comma is usually unnecessary:
We stayed indoors because it was raining.

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[Mr OJO Olayele]

Adverbial clause of concession

An adverbial clause of concession is the clause that tells us that something happens despite a restricting condition or difficulty.

It usually shows a contrast between two ideas. It shows an action taken despite an opposing situation. It is derived from the verb 'concede'.

It answers the question: “Despite what?” or “In spite of what?”

It is often introduced by words such as:
although, though, even though, even if, while, whereas, much as, however, etc

Examples

1. *Although it was raining* , we went to school.

Concession clause: Although it was raining

Main clause: we went to school

The rain might have prevented us from going, but we went anyway.

2. *Though he was tired* , he continued working.

Concession clause: Though he was tired

Main clause: he continued working

3. *Even though she was ill* , she attended the examination.

Concession clause: Even though she was ill

Main clause: she attended the examination

4. Although John is poor, he is very generous.

The contrast is between being poor and being generous.

5. *Even if you apologise* , he may not forgive you.

The clause _Even if you apologise_ expresses a condition that does not necessarily change the result.


An adverbial clause of concession can come before or after the main clause.

Beginning: *Although she was afraid,* she entered the room.

End:
She entered the room *although she was afraid.*

Whenever the concession clause comes first, we normally put a comma after it.